Effect of Topical Antibiotics to Mouse Model of Acute Rhinosinusitis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Administration of antibiotics is an essential modality to treat acute rhinosinusitis. Although intranasal inoculation of antibiotics does not have definite bioavailability, it is a very effective method to treat acute rhinosinusitis. We made a mouse model of rhinosinusitis by inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and administrated time-dependent antibiotics or concentration-dependent antibiotics as a topical manner and investigated their effectiveness. SUBJECTS AND METHOD : Fifty 10-week old male C57BL/6 mice were employed for acute rhinosinusitis model. Mice were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae, and from the 6th to 10th day, we made the negative control group by inoculation of normal saline (Group I), the antibiotics group by inoculation of cefmenoxime & vancomycin (Group II), the ofloxacin & tobramycin group (Group III), and the positive control group (Group IV). On the 11th day, all mice were sacrificed and the effectiveness of antibiotics was evaluated by comparison of nasal lavage colony count and neutrophil count of the sinonasal tissue. RESULTS : Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each antibiotics was cefmenoxime 20 microgram/ml, ofloxacin 80 microgram/ml, tobramycin 25 microgram/ml, vancomycin 12.5 microgram/ml. By nasal lavage, antibiotics inoculation group (Group II, III) had more decreased bacterial growth than the positive control, and it was statistically significant (p=0.037). Comparision between the group administrated with concentration-dependent antibiotics and time-dependent antibiotics, clusters of neutrophil decreased in two groups compared to positive control revealed that the group administered with concentration-dependent antibiotics had fewer clusters of neutrophil than the group administered with time-dependent antibiotics, and it was statistically significant. CONCLUSION : Local inoculation of concentration dependent antibiotics could be a more effective way to treat acute rhinosinusitis induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae than time dependent antibiotics.

A Mouse Model of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Induced by Streptococcus Pneumoniae / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A mouse has a great potential to be used in studying genetics and inflammatory process of the rhinosinusitis. The aim of this study was to observe effects of experimentally induced chronic rhinosinusitis on histopathology of the sinonasal mucosa in a mouse and to develop a chronic form of rhinosinusitis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty five, six-week old male C57BL/6 mice were used as follows: 7 normal controls without intervention, 7 Sham operated controls, 7 animals with ostial obstruction alone using Merocel, 7 animals implanted with Merocel plus 106 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 7 animals implanted with Merocel plus 10(8) CFU/mL of S. pneumoniae. Six weeks after intervention, the animals were sacrificed and serially sectioned at 1 mm intervals and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. RESULTS: Increased epithelial thickness, goblet cell hyperplasia, epithelial disarray and inflammatory infiltration were observed in the experimental sinuses packed with Merocel alone or Merocel with bacterial inoculation, especially at the nasal septal area. However, there were no significant differences between the Merocel only inserted group and Merocel and bacteria inoculated group. CONCLUSION: Maxillary sinus ostial obstruction or ostial obstruction with S. pneumoniae inoculation induced chronic rhinosinusitis in C57BL/6 mice as indicated by the histologic change. This study could be used as a model of chronic rhinosinusitis for further study.

The Relationship between Modified Mallampati Grade, Tonsillar Grade and Apnea-Hypopnea Index / 수면정신생리

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is diagnosed through history, physical examination, imaging studies and polysomnography. Clinical examination of this condition may point to hypertrophic tonsils and crowded oropharynx. The objective of this study is to investigate the usefulness of modified Mallampati grade (MMG) and tonsil grade (TG) in predicting the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: MMG and TG were divided into 4 and 5 groups, respectively, according to their severity. Medical records were collected from 94 patients who had received polysomnography and otorhinolaryngologic examination for snoring and sleep apnea at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center from March 2002 through April 2004. Patients were divided into two groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) : control (n=24), and patients with sleep apnea (n=70). RESULTS: Patients with higher MMG and TG had higher AHI, and MMG and TG proved to have a statistically significant correlation with AHI (p< 0.05) CONCLUSION: MMG and TG were reliable predictors of OSA and helpful parameters in deciding treatment method.

A Study on Air Pollution and Thermal Factors in Underground Shopping Center of Pusan Area / 예방의학회지

For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data on air pollution in underground shopping center and also contributing to the health improvement of resident, the authors measured the level of SO2, NO2, TSP, CO, CO2 and also some related factors as air temperature, air movement, relative humidity and mean radiation temperature at inside and outside of underground shopping center in Pusan from January to February and from July to August 1994. The results were as follows: 1. The mean concentration of CO within the underground shopping center was 3.1+/-1.3ppm in winter and 2.1+/-0.9 ppm in summer. There was a negative correlation (p<0.01) between inner CO concentration and temperature in summer and no correlation between inner CO concentration and outer CO concentration in underground shopping center 2. The mean concentration of C02 within the underground shopping center was 876+/-353 ppm in winter and 757+/-125 ppm in summer. There was a negative correlation (P<0.01) between inner CO2 concentration and air movement in summer and positive correlation (p<0.05) between inner CO2 oncentration and outer CO2 concentration in underground shopping center. 3. The mean concentration SO2 within a underground shopping center was 0.036+/-0.019ppm in winter and 0.040+/-0.013ppm in summer. There was a positive correlation(p<0.01) between inner SO2 concentration and positive correlation between inner SO2 concentration and outer SO2 concentration in summer and winter in Underground shopping center. 4. The mean concentration of NO2 within a underground shopping center was 0.052+/-0.038ppm in winter and 0.042+/-0.016ppm in summer. There was a no correlation between inner NO2 concentration and thermal factors in summer and winter and low correlation between inner NO2 concentration in underground shopping center. 5. The mean concentration of TSP within a underground shopping center was 430+/-214 microgram/m3 in winter, 366+/-73 microgram/m3 in summer, and very in excess of the atmospheric environmental quality standards of Korea(150 microgram/m3). There was low correlation between inner TSP concentration and temperature in summer and high correlation between inner TSP concentration and outer TSP concentration in underground shopping center.